{"id":28218,"date":"2020-09-02T09:34:42","date_gmt":"2020-09-02T09:34:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/health-biosecurity\/"},"modified":"2024-05-06T07:42:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-06T07:42:19","slug":"health-biosecurity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/","title":{"rendered":"Sant\u00e9 et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu’est-ce<\/span> qu’une<\/span> poule<\/span> en<\/span> bonne<\/span> sant\u00e9<\/span> ?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Conna\u00eetre l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 des poules est essentiel pour atteindre les objectifs de production. Les oiseaux malades ne peuvent pas se d\u00e9velopper pleinement selon leur potentiel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, c’est pourquoi les programmes de sant\u00e9 jouent un r\u00f4le central dans le planning de production.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les poules en bonne sant\u00e9 sont exemptes de maladies, ou du moins, elles peuvent r\u00e9sister et faire face aux maladies pr\u00e9sentes dans leur environnement. La bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 est essentielle pour maintenir le troupeau exempt d’agents pathog\u00e8nes, ou du moins, r\u00e9duire leur pr\u00e9sence. L’immunit\u00e9 du troupeau est la pierre angulaire qui pr\u00e9pare les poules \u00e0 faire face aux menaces de maladies. Cela concerne non seulement le programme de vaccination, mais aussi l’\u00e9tat physique des poules.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si les poules sont immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9es en raison d’une sous-alimentation, du stress, ou d’autres raisons<\/span> (mycotoxines, produits chimiques), il sera difficile de faire face aux maladies m\u00eame si les poules ont \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> vaccin\u00e9es. Certaines maladies aviaires (telles que la salmonellose ou la <\/span>campylobact\u00e9riose<\/span>) sont des<\/span> zoonoses qui peuvent se propager entre les oiseaux et les humains. Ainsi, m\u00eame si une maladie n’affecte<\/span> pas<\/span> directement<\/span> la<\/span> volaille,<\/span> elle devrait<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> incluse<\/span> dans<\/span> le<\/span> programme<\/span> de<\/span> sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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  • Pas<\/span> de signes<\/span> respiratoires<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Pas<\/span> de<\/span> signes<\/span> nerveux<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Pas de fi\u00e8vre<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Bon<\/span> \u00e9tat<\/span> physique<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Bonne<\/span> calcification<\/span> osseuse<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Bon<\/span> \u00e9tat<\/span> du<\/span> plumage<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Oiseaux<\/span> alertes<\/span> et<\/span> actifs<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Pas de comportement anormal<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Bonne<\/span> production<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        • Pas<\/span> d’\u0153ufs<\/span> anormaux<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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          \n
          \n

          \"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          Programme<\/span> de<\/span> bios\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

          Un programme de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 joue un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans le maintien des poules en bonne sant\u00e9 et, par cons\u00e9quent, dans une production rentable. La bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre d\u00e9finie comme l’ensemble des proc\u00e9dures mises en place pour pr\u00e9venir l’infection des poules par des agents pathog\u00e8nes et leur propagation \u00e0 d’autres \u00e9levages avicoles.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Pour \u00eatre efficace, un programme de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre mis en \u0153uvre de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s pratique et structur\u00e9e. Un programme de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 efficace est bien adapt\u00e9 aux structures de production et bien compris par tous les acteurs (personnel, responsables de production, fournisseurs externes, v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, etc.) de la ferme. Si certains acteurs ne prennent pas la bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 au s\u00e9rieux et ne suivent pas les proc\u00e9dures, les efforts des autres ne seront pas r\u00e9compens\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Types<\/span> de<\/span> bios\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

          Bios\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span> conceptuelle<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

          Il s’agit de la bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la conception de la ferme et \u00e0 son emplacement, ainsi qu’\u00e0 son<\/span> environnement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          Id\u00e9alement,<\/span> les<\/span> fermes devraient \u00eatre<\/span> situ\u00e9es<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> distance<\/span> de<\/span>:<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Autres<\/span> \u00e9levages<\/span> avicoles<\/span> (y compris<\/span> les<\/span> \u00e9levages<\/span> de<\/span> basse-cour)<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Autres<\/span> types<\/span> d’\u00e9levages<\/span> (d’autres<\/span> esp\u00e8ces)<\/span><\/li>\n
          • <strong>Live bird market<\/strong>: food markets where customers can select a live bird to slaughter and bring it home or exhibition markets where birds from different areas gather in this meeting point<\/div>\" class=\"glossaryLink\"> March\u00e9s<\/span> d’oiseaux<\/span> vivants<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/li>\n
          • Couvoirs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • Abattoirs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Si ce type d’installations est proche de la ferme, la bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 structurelle et op\u00e9rationnelle devrait \u00eatre<\/span> am\u00e9lior\u00e9e.<\/span> Si<\/span> possible,<\/span> les<\/span> nouvelles<\/span> fermes<\/span> devraient \u00eatre<\/span> construites<\/span> dans<\/span> des<\/span> endroits<\/span> bio-s\u00e9curis\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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            \"\"<\/div>\n
            \"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

            Bios\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span> structurelle<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

            Il s’agit de la bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e aux structures physiques utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 la ferme pour pr\u00e9venir l’introduction ou la<\/span> propagation des<\/span> maladies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            Les<\/span> composants importants<\/span> comprennent<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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            • Cl\u00f4tures p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
            • Zone<\/span> tampon<\/span> environnante<\/span><\/li>\n
            • <strong>Bird-proof elements<\/strong>: all kind so systems reducing the entrance and presence of the wild birds around the farm. They can be physical, like nets or more sophisticated ones like sounds or dummy birds similar to falcons<\/div>\" class=\"glossaryLink\"> \u00c9l\u00e9ments<\/span> anti-oiseaux<\/span> <\/span><\/li>\n
            • Portes d’entr\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
            • Syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9sinfection \u00e0<\/span> la<\/span> porte<\/span> d’entr\u00e9e<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Douche<\/span> ou salle<\/span> noire\/blanche<\/span><\/li>\n
            • <strong>Boots bath<\/strong>: points of cleaning and disinfection of the walking gear at the entrance to the critical areas to avoid carrying contamination from dirty areas to clean areas.<\/div>\" class=\"glossaryLink\"> Bacs<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> bottes<\/span> <\/span><\/li>\n
            • V\u00eatements<\/span> de<\/span> travail<\/span> et<\/span> chaussures<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Magasin<\/span> d’alimentation<\/span> ou<\/span> silos<\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u00c9limination<\/span> des cadavres<\/span> d’oiseaux<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n
              \"\"<\/div>\n
              \"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

              Bios\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span> op\u00e9rationnelle<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

              Il s’agit de la bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont le travail \u00e0 la ferme doit \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 pour pr\u00e9venir<\/span> l’introduction ou<\/span> la<\/span> propagation<\/span> des<\/span> maladies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Les<\/span> personnes<\/span> sont l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/span> cl\u00e9<\/span> du<\/span> succ\u00e8s<\/span> ici.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
              • Une bonne communication, impliquant la formation, est essentielle pour am\u00e9liorer la bios\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span> op\u00e9rationnelle.<\/span><\/li>\n
              • Un protocole de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 clair et \u00e9crit devrait \u00eatre disponible pour tout le personnel en contact avec<\/span> les<\/span> exploitations.<\/span><\/li>\n
              • Normalement, les<\/span> r\u00e8gles<\/span> les<\/span> plus<\/span> simples<\/span> fonctionnent<\/span> mieux que<\/span> les<\/span> compliqu\u00e9es.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
                \"\"<\/div>\n
                \"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                Isolation<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                Restriction<\/span> des<\/span> visites<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                Seules les visites essentielles ayant un but clair devraient \u00eatre autoris\u00e9es. Toutes les visites\/visiteurs<\/span> devraient<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> consid\u00e9r\u00e9es<\/span> comme<\/span> un<\/span> risque<\/span> pour<\/span> le<\/span> troupeau.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                Registre<\/span> des<\/span> visiteurs<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                Un registre doit \u00eatre disponible pour les visiteurs. Tous les visiteurs doivent remplir leur nom, la date de la<\/span> visite, le<\/span> but<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> visite,<\/span> le dernier<\/span> \u00e9levage visit\u00e9<\/span> et<\/span> le<\/span> num\u00e9ro de<\/span> plaque d’immatriculation<\/span> du<\/span> v\u00e9hicule.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                Politique<\/span> des<\/span> visiteurs<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                L’entr\u00e9e ne doit pas \u00eatre autoris\u00e9e aux visiteurs venant d’une autre ferme externe le m\u00eame jour. Les visiteurs<\/span> en provenance de sites touch\u00e9s par une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de maladie sont absolument interdits d’entr\u00e9e. Si<\/span> plusieurs fermes de l’entreprise sont visit\u00e9es le m\u00eame jour, la s\u00e9quence doit aller des troupeaux plus jeunes<\/span> aux plus<\/span> \u00e2g\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                V\u00eatements<\/span> de travail<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                Des<\/span> v\u00eatements<\/span> de<\/span> travail<\/span> sp\u00e9cifiques<\/span> doivent<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> disponibles<\/span> pour<\/span> le<\/span> personnel<\/span> et<\/span> les<\/span> visiteurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                D\u00e9sinfection<\/span> du<\/span> mat\u00e9riel\/\u00e9quipement<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                Tout le mat\u00e9riel doit \u00eatre d\u00e9sinfect\u00e9 avant d’entrer dans la ferme. Cela est d’autant plus important si le<\/span> mat\u00e9riel provient<\/span> d’une<\/span> autre<\/span> ferme.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                D\u00e9sinfection<\/span> des<\/span> v\u00e9hicules<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                Les v\u00e9hicules doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9sinfect\u00e9s avant leur entr\u00e9e dans la ferme. Si l’acc\u00e8s des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 la ferme<\/span> n’est<\/span> pas<\/span> n\u00e9cessaire,<\/span> il est<\/span> pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de<\/span> garer<\/span> les<\/span> v\u00e9hicules<\/span> \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur de<\/span> la<\/span> ferme.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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                \"\"
                \nPorte<\/span> ferm\u00e9e<\/span> avec<\/span> des<\/span> panneaux de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/span>
                \n\"\"
                \nRegistre<\/span> des<\/span> visiteurs<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                \n
                \"\"
                \nRegistre<\/span>\u202f<\/span>des<\/span>\u202f<\/span>visiteurs<\/span><\/span>
                \n\"\"
                \nDouches<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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                \n

                \"\"
                \nV\u00eatements<\/span> et chaussures de ferme<\/span>
                \n\"\"
                \nMachine<\/span> \u00e0 laver<\/span> et<\/span> s\u00e8che-linge<\/span> sur<\/span> la<\/span> ferme<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                Lutte<\/span> contre<\/span> les<\/span> parasites<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                Rongeurs<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                L’\u00e9tat<\/span> de<\/span> sant\u00e9<\/span> du<\/span> troupeau<\/span> sera<\/span> gravement<\/span> compromis<\/span> en<\/span> cas<\/span> d’infestation de<\/span> rats<\/span> ou<\/span> de<\/span> souris.<\/span><\/span>
                \nMesures<\/span> passives<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

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                • Maintenir la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie autour de la maison<\/span> libre d’herbe et d’autres mat\u00e9riaux organiques.<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Maintenir l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9<\/span> des<\/span> murs.<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Prot\u00e9ger la nourriture contre les rongeurs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                • \u00c9liminer toute nourriture<\/span> renvers\u00e9e.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Mesures actives<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

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                  • Installer<\/span> des<\/span> stations d’app\u00e2t.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Mettre<\/span> en<\/span> place un<\/span> programme actif<\/span> de<\/span> lutte<\/span> contre les<\/span> rongeurs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Oiseaux<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                    Il est tr\u00e8s important d’emp\u00eacher d’autres oiseaux d’entrer dans les poulaillers. Des poulaillers \u00e0 l’\u00e9preuve<\/span> des oiseaux peuvent \u00eatre construits en utilisant un filet sp\u00e9cial. Les excr\u00e9ments d’oiseaux sont \u00e9galement<\/span> des<\/span> mati\u00e8res<\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span> infectieuses.<\/span> Le<\/span> contact<\/span> direct<\/span> ou<\/span> indirect<\/span> devrait<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> compl\u00e8tement<\/span> \u00e9vit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                    Insectes<\/span> et<\/span> autres<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                    \u00c9tablir un programme insecticide. La gestion du fumier est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s importante pour pr\u00e9venir les<\/span> mouches. Les acariens peuvent \u00eatre tr\u00e8s n\u00e9fastes pour la sant\u00e9 globale des poules. C’est particuli\u00e8rement le<\/span> cas<\/span> avec le<\/span> Pou<\/span> rouge<\/span> et<\/span> le<\/span> Pou<\/span> du<\/span> nord. Voir<\/span> leur<\/span> contr\u00f4le<\/span> dans<\/span> les<\/span> Conseils<\/span> Techniques.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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                    \"\"<\/div>\n
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                    \"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                    Lutte<\/span> contre<\/span> les<\/span> parasites<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                    Des informations, des r\u00e9unions et des journ\u00e9es de formation doivent \u00eatre fournies au personnel et aux<\/span> autres personnes travaillant sur la ferme pour garantir qu’ils comprennent, respectent et collaborent avec le<\/span> programme de bios\u00e9curit\u00e9. Il est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s important de s’assurer que le personnel n’\u00e9l\u00e8ve pas de<\/span> volailles<\/span> chez<\/span> eux<\/span> ou<\/span> entre<\/span> en contact<\/span> avec<\/span> d’autres<\/span> oiseaux (pigeons,<\/span> faucons,<\/span> canards,<\/span> …).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                    Alimentation<\/span> et<\/span> eau<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                    Alimentation<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                    \"\"La qualit\u00e9 des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et les mesures d’hygi\u00e8ne au moulin \u00e0 aliments sont essentielles pour<\/span> produire des aliments exempts de pathog\u00e8nes. L’ajout de d\u00e9sinfectants est \u00e9galement recommand\u00e9. Le<\/span> transport et le stockage des aliments doivent \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9s pour \u00e9viter toute contamination apr\u00e8s la<\/span> livraison<\/span> du<\/span> moulin<\/span> \u00e0 aliments.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                    Eau<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                    Du chlore ou un d\u00e9sinfectant alternatif devrait \u00eatre ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 l’eau potable. Cela a un double objectif :<\/span> d’abord, pr\u00e9venir l’introduction de pathog\u00e8nes par l’eau et, deuxi\u00e8mement, r\u00e9duire la recontamination de<\/span> l’eau pendant<\/span> qu’elle<\/span> est<\/span> dans<\/span> la<\/span> conduite<\/span> d’eau<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> maison.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00c9limination<\/span> des<\/span> d\u00e9chets<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                    L’\u00e9limination et l’\u00e9vacuation des d\u00e9chets sont cruciales car les mat\u00e9riaux peuvent \u00eatre fortement<\/span> contamin\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                    Fumier<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                    \"\"
                    \nLe fumier doit \u00eatre enlev\u00e9 et \u00e9limin\u00e9 \u00e0 au moins 3 km du site. <\/span>Assurez-vous qu’aucune<\/span> autre exploitation<\/span> n’\u00e9limine<\/span> son<\/span> fumier<\/span> dans<\/span> un<\/span> rayon<\/span> de<\/span> 3<\/span> km<\/span> autour de<\/span> votre<\/span> ferme.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                    Oiseaux<\/span> morts<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                    Conteneur<\/span> pour<\/span> oiseaux<\/span> morts.<\/span><\/span>
                    \nLes oiseaux morts doivent \u00eatre retir\u00e9s des poulaillers quotidiennement et stock\u00e9s \u00e0 l’\u00e9cart des b\u00e2timents<\/span> avicoles.<\/span><\/span>
                    \nDiff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes sont disponibles pour d\u00e9truire les oiseaux morts de mani\u00e8re hygi\u00e9nique. Si les<\/span> oiseaux morts<\/span> sont<\/span> d\u00e9plac\u00e9s<\/span> hors<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> ferme,<\/span> soyez<\/span> extr\u00eamement<\/span> prudent<\/span> lors<\/span> du<\/span> transport<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Ne<\/span> jamais<\/span> permettre<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> des<\/span> transporteurs<\/span> d’oiseaux<\/span> morts<\/span> d’entrer<\/span> dans<\/span> la<\/span> ferme.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Autoriser<\/span> uniquement<\/span> la<\/span> collecte<\/span> des<\/span> oiseaux<\/span> morts<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l’ext\u00e9rieur<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> ferme.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Ne<\/span> jamais<\/span> entrer<\/span> en<\/span> contact<\/span> personnel<\/span> avec<\/span> les<\/span> personnes<\/span> manipulant<\/span> les<\/span> oiseaux<\/span> morts.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Protocole<\/span> de<\/span> nettoyage<\/span> et<\/span> de<\/span> d\u00e9sinfection<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      En cas d’infestation grave de poux rouges ou d’autres parasites, prendre des mesures de pr\u00e9caution<\/span> suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/span> pour<\/span> \u00e9liminer<\/span> ou<\/span> exclure<\/span> la<\/span> pr\u00e9sence de<\/span> parasites.<\/span><\/p>\n

                       <\/div>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      Remplacement<\/span> des<\/span> poulettes<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, le troupeau reproducteur doit rester exempt de maladies. Il est recommand\u00e9<\/span> d’encourager les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et les analyses pour v\u00e9rifier que les poussins d’un jour ne sont pas<\/span> contamin\u00e9s. Les reproducteurs H&N sont exempts de leucose lympho\u00efde, de Mycoplasma <\/span>gallisepticum<\/span>, de<\/span> Mycoplasma <\/span>synoviae<\/span>, de Salmonella <\/span>pullorum<\/span>, de Salmonella <\/span>gallinarum<\/span>, de Salmonella <\/span>enteritidis<\/span>, de<\/span> Salmonella <\/span>typhimurium<\/span> et d’autres esp\u00e8ces de Salmonella. Prenez en compte que les caisses de transport,<\/span> les camions et autres \u00e9quipements peuvent \u00eatre infect\u00e9s par des agents pathog\u00e8nes ou infest\u00e9s par des<\/span> parasites.<\/span> Il est<\/span> fortement<\/span> recommand\u00e9<\/span> de les<\/span> nettoyer et<\/span> de<\/span> les<\/span> d\u00e9sinfecter pr\u00e9alablement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      Programmes<\/span> de<\/span> vaccination<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                      Il n’est pas possible de faire des recommandations sp\u00e9cifiques pour chaque exploitation, mais le<\/span> programme de vaccination type (tableau 32) est con\u00e7u comme une ligne directrice tr\u00e8s g\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour les<\/span> vaccinations n\u00e9cessaires dans la plupart des exploitations dans le monde entier. Des vaccinations<\/span> suppl\u00e9mentaires contre la coccidiose, Escherichia coli, la grippe aviaire et les souches variantes d’autres<\/span> agents<\/span> pathog\u00e8nes<\/span> peuvent<\/span> \u00e9galement<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> n\u00e9cessaires.<\/span> Ces<\/span> d\u00e9cisions<\/span> doivent<\/span> cependant<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> prises<\/span> au<\/span> cas<\/span> par cas apr\u00e8s une consid\u00e9ration attentive des facteurs de risque, qui incluent, mais ne se limitent pas \u00e0 :<\/span> l’exposition ant\u00e9rieure, l’emplacement g\u00e9ographique, la vaccination et l’exposition des troupeaux voisins,<\/span> les r\u00e9glementations \u00e9tatiques et les facteurs end\u00e9miques des agents pathog\u00e8nes. Demandez un<\/span> programme<\/span> de<\/span> vaccination<\/span> adapt\u00e9<\/span> \u00e0 votre<\/span> v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire<\/span> local.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      Administration<\/span> des<\/span> vaccins<\/span> en<\/span> pratique<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                      L’administration des vaccins en pratique est tout aussi importante que la conception du programme de<\/span> vaccination. Tout cela implique simplement de suivre une proc\u00e9dure clairement d\u00e9finie par le fabricant du<\/span> vaccin. Cependant, des erreurs sont souvent commises. Pour \u00e9viter les erreurs, v\u00e9rifiez et auditez<\/span> r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement<\/span> ces<\/span> proc\u00e9dures.<\/span> Une vaccination correcte est<\/span> essentielle pour<\/span> un<\/span> bon \u00e9tat<\/span> de<\/span> sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      Transport<\/span> et<\/span> stockage<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • N’acceptez que<\/span> des<\/span> vaccins<\/span> en<\/span> bon<\/span> \u00e9tat.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Preservez<\/span> en permanence<\/span> la<\/span> cha\u00eene<\/span> du<\/span> froid.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Ne<\/span> jamais<\/span> congeler<\/span> le<\/span> vaccin.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Ne<\/span> jamais<\/span> exposer<\/span> au soleil.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Stockez correctement le<\/span> vaccin<\/span> et<\/span> v\u00e9rifiez-le<\/span> r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Reconstitution<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • Suivez<\/span> attentivement<\/span> les<\/span> instructions du<\/span> fabricant<\/span> lors<\/span> de<\/span> l’administration.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • \u00c9vitez<\/span> le<\/span> contact<\/span> avec<\/span> des d\u00e9sinfectants pendant<\/span> le<\/span> processus<\/span> de<\/span> reconstitution.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • Utilisez<\/span> le<\/span> vaccin<\/span> imm\u00e9diatement<\/span> apr\u00e8s.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Administration<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          • Utilisez<\/span> la<\/span> technique<\/span> appropri\u00e9e<\/span> pour<\/span> administrer<\/span> chaque<\/span> vaccin.<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • Vaccinez<\/span> uniquement les<\/span> poulets<\/span> en<\/span> bonne<\/span> sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                          • Ne<\/span> diluez pas<\/span> ou<\/span> ne<\/span> \u00ab\u00a0coupez\u00a0\u00bb<\/span> pas<\/span> le<\/span> vaccin.<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u00c9vitez<\/span> le<\/span> contact<\/span> avec<\/span> un<\/span> d\u00e9sinfectant<\/span> lors<\/span> de<\/span> l’administration<\/span> du<\/span> vaccin.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u00c9vitez d’utiliser des m\u00e9dicaments et des antibiotiques trois jours avant et une semaine apr\u00e8s la<\/span> vaccination avec des<\/span> bact\u00e9ries<\/span> vivantes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Administration<\/span> de<\/span> masse<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                            Eau<\/span> de<\/span> boisson<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
                              \n
                            • Technique<\/span> de<\/span> vaccination<\/span> la<\/span> plus<\/span> courante.<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Assurez-vous<\/span> de<\/span> l’absence de<\/span> chlore<\/span> ou<\/span> d’autres<\/span> d\u00e9sinfectants<\/span> dans<\/span> l’eau<\/span> de<\/span> boisson.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Une<\/span> privation<\/span> d’eau<\/span> pr\u00e9alable<\/span> peut garantir<\/span> que<\/span> tous<\/span> les oiseaux<\/span> ont<\/span> soif.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Utilisez<\/span> un<\/span> colorant<\/span> dans<\/span> l’eau<\/span> de<\/span> boisson<\/span> pour<\/span> surveiller<\/span> la<\/span> consommation<\/span> d’eau.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Assurez-vous<\/span> que<\/span> l’eau<\/span> est consomm\u00e9e<\/span> dans<\/span> les<\/span> 2<\/span> heures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Pulv\u00e9risation<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              • Utilis\u00e9e<\/span> pour<\/span> la<\/span> vaccination<\/span> contre<\/span> les<\/span> maladies<\/span> respiratoires.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • Assurez-vous<\/span> de<\/span> l’absence<\/span> de<\/span> chlore<\/span> ou<\/span> d’autres<\/span> d\u00e9sinfectants<\/span> dans<\/span> l’eau<\/span> pulv\u00e9ris\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                              • La<\/span> taille<\/span> des<\/span> gouttelettes<\/span> joue<\/span> un<\/span> r\u00f4le<\/span> cl\u00e9<\/span> dans<\/span> les<\/span> r\u00e9actions<\/span> au<\/span> vaccin<\/span> et<\/span> la<\/span> r\u00e9ponse<\/span> immunitaire.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                              • Distribuez le<\/span> vaccin<\/span> de<\/span> mani\u00e8re homog\u00e8ne<\/span> parmi<\/span> les<\/span> oiseaux.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • \u00c9vitez<\/span> les<\/span> courants d’air<\/span> pendant<\/span> l’administration<\/span> du<\/span> vaccin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                \n
                                \n
                                \"\"<\/div>\n
                                \"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                Administration<\/span> individuelle<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                                Goutte<\/span> oculaire<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
                                \n\"\"<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Utilis\u00e9<\/span> pour<\/span> la<\/span> vaccination<\/span> contre<\/span> les<\/span> maladies<\/span> respiratoires.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Utilisez<\/span> un<\/span> colorant<\/span> afin<\/span> d’\u00e9valuer<\/span> l’efficacit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l’instillation.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Un personnel<\/span> form\u00e9<\/span> et<\/span> engag\u00e9 ainsi qu’un<\/span> programme de<\/span> travail<\/span> bien<\/span> organis\u00e9<\/span> sont<\/span> essentiels.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Assurez-vous<\/span> que<\/span> tous<\/span> les<\/span> poussins sont<\/span> vaccin\u00e9s.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Injection<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
                                  \n\"\"<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Utilis\u00e9e<\/span> pour<\/span> les<\/span> vaccins<\/span> inactiv\u00e9s et<\/span> certains vaccins<\/span> vivants.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • L’injection<\/span> peut \u00eatre<\/span> sous-cutan\u00e9e<\/span> ou<\/span> intramusculaire<\/span> en<\/span> fonction<\/span> du<\/span> vaccin.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • L’\u00e9quipement<\/span> doit<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> correctement entretenu.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • Un personnel<\/span> form\u00e9<\/span> et<\/span> engag\u00e9 ainsi<\/span> qu’un<\/span> programme de<\/span> travail<\/span> bien<\/span> organis\u00e9<\/span> sont<\/span> essentiels.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Inoculation<\/span> par<\/span> aile<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
                                    \n\"\"<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Principalement<\/span> utilis\u00e9e<\/span> pour<\/span> la<\/span> vaccination<\/span> contre<\/span> la<\/span> variole<\/span> aviaire.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • Assurez-vous<\/span> que<\/span> l’aiguille<\/span> est<\/span> en<\/span> contact<\/span> avec<\/span> le<\/span> vaccin<\/span> avant d’inoculer<\/span> chaque<\/span> oiseau<\/span> individuel.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • Un personnel<\/span> form\u00e9<\/span> et<\/span> engag\u00e9 ainsi qu’un<\/span> programme de<\/span> travail<\/span> bien<\/span> organis\u00e9<\/span> sont<\/span> essentiels.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • V\u00e9rifiez la r\u00e9action au vaccin 7 jours apr\u00e8s son administration dans le cas du vaccin contre la variole<\/span> aviaire.<\/span> Plus<\/span> de<\/span> 90<\/span> %<\/span> des<\/span> poussins<\/span> devraient<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> positifs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      Suivi<\/span> du<\/span> vaccin<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                                      Les donn\u00e9es s\u00e9rologiques obtenues apr\u00e8s la majeure partie du programme de vaccination, normalement<\/span> vers 15 ou 16 semaines d’\u00e2ge, constituent une bonne m\u00e9thode pour \u00e9valuer le statut immunitaire d’un lot<\/span> de poulettes avant la production. Ces donn\u00e9es servent \u00e9galement de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour d\u00e9terminer si une<\/span> infection sur le terrain s’est produite lorsque des baisses de production sont observ\u00e9es. Il est recommand\u00e9<\/span> que le propri\u00e9taire du lot soumette 25 \u00e9chantillons de s\u00e9rum de bonne qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 un laboratoire une ou deux<\/span> semaines avant que les poulettes ne soient plac\u00e9es dans le poulailler de ponte pour \u00e9tablir l’absence de<\/span> certaines maladies telles que Mycoplasma <\/span>gallisepticum<\/span> (Mg) et Mycoplasma <\/span>synoviae<\/span> (Ms) avant le d\u00e9but<\/span> de la production. Les donn\u00e9es s\u00e9rologiques peuvent fournir des informations pr\u00e9cieuses sur les niveaux de<\/span> titres immunitaires pour plusieurs agents pathog\u00e8nes. Travailler avec un laboratoire avicole pour mettre en<\/span> place un<\/span> syst\u00e8me de<\/span> profilage permettra d’obtenir de<\/span> meilleures<\/span> \u00e9valuations<\/span> des<\/span> programmes<\/span> de<\/span> vaccination et<\/span> des<\/span> conditions<\/span> du<\/span> lot.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                      \"\"
                                      \n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                      Qu’est-ce qu’une poule en bonne sant\u00e9 ? Conna\u00eetre l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 des poules est essentiel pour atteindre les objectifs de production. Les oiseaux malades ne peuvent pas se d\u00e9velopper pleinement selon leur potentiel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, c’est pourquoi les programmes de sant\u00e9 jouent un r\u00f4le central dans le planning de production. Les poules en bonne sant\u00e9 sont […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1483,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-layers-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSant\u00e9 et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 - h&n International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sant\u00e9 et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 - h&n International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qu’est-ce qu’une poule en bonne sant\u00e9 ? Conna\u00eetre l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 des poules est essentiel pour atteindre les objectifs de production. Les oiseaux malades ne peuvent pas se d\u00e9velopper pleinement selon leur potentiel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, c’est pourquoi les programmes de sant\u00e9 jouent un r\u00f4le central dans le planning de production. Les poules en bonne sant\u00e9 sont […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"h&n International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-02T09:34:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-06T07:42:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/chickipediamedia\/layers\/biosecurity\/f13.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marie\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marie\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marie\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ffd8dcf2feaee2ea3432ddb2cae3b1d2\"},\"headline\":\"Sant\u00e9 et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-02T09:34:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-06T07:42:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/\"},\"wordCount\":2506,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/chickipediamedia\/layers\/biosecurity\/f13.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"pondeuses\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/hn-int.com\/fr\/health-biosecurity\/\",\"name\":\"Sant\u00e9 et bios\u00e9curit\u00e9 - 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Conna\u00eetre l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 des poules est essentiel pour atteindre les objectifs de production. Les oiseaux malades ne peuvent pas se d\u00e9velopper pleinement selon leur potentiel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, c’est pourquoi les programmes de sant\u00e9 jouent un r\u00f4le central dans le planning de production. 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